This open access book addresses the issue of diffusing sustainable energy access in
low- and middle-income contexts.
Access to energy is one of the greatest challenges for many people living in low-

income and developing contexts, as around 1.4 billion people lack access to electricity.
Distributed Renewable Energy systems (DRE) are considered a promising approach
to address this challenge and provide energy access to all. However, even if promising,
the implementation of DRE systems is not always straightforward.
The book analyses, discusses and classifies the promising Sustainable Product-Service
System (S.PSS) business models to deliver Distributed Renewable Energy systems in an
effective, efficient and sustainable way. Its message is supported with cases studies and
examples, discussing the economic, environmental and socioethical benefits as well
as its limitations and barriers to its implementation. An innovative design approach is
proposed and a set of design tools are supplied, enabling readers to create and develop
Sustainable Product-Service System (S.PSS) solutions to deliver Distributed Renewable
Energy systems.
Practical applications of the book’s design approach and tools by companies and
practitioners are discussed and the book will be of interest to readers in design, industry,
governmental institutions, NGOs as well as researchers.