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Determining Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Food and Feed de Sarah De Saeger

Determining Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Food and Feed: Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition

Editat de Sarah De Saeger
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 18 aug 2016
Mycotoxins - toxic secondary metabolites produced by mycotoxigenic fungi – pose a significant risk to the food chain. Indeed, they may be the most hazardous of all food contaminants in terms of chronic toxicity and legislative limits on their levels in food and feed continue to be developed worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods for the determination of both mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in food and feed are therefore essential. This book reviews current and emerging methods in this area.

Part one focuses on the essentials of mycotoxin determination, covering sampling, sample preparation and clean-up and key determination techniques, such as chromatographic separation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and immunochemical methods. Part two then goes on to describe quality assurance, official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed. Topics covered include laboratory accreditation, method validation and measurement uncertainty. The development and analysis of biomarkers for mycotoxins are discussed in part three. Individual chapters focus on detecting exposure in humans and animals. Part four is concerned with the processes involved in determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed. It also describes the identification of genes and gene clusters involved in mycotoxin synthesis, as well as DNA barcoding of toxigenic fungi. Finally, part five explores some of the emerging methods for mycotoxin analysis, ranging from bio-sensing to spectroscopic techniques.

With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Determining mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed is a standard reference for all those concerned with reducing mycotoxin contamination in the food chain.

  • Focuses on the essentials of mycotoxin determination, covering sampling, sample preparation, clean-up and key determination techniques
  • Documents quality assurance and official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed
  • Explores the processes of determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed including the identification of genes and gene clusters
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780081014943
ISBN-10: 0081014945
Pagini: 456
Dimensiuni: 156 x 234 x 23 mm
Greutate: 0.63 kg
Editura: ELSEVIER SCIENCE
Seria Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition

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Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition
Preface
Part I: Determining mycotoxins in food and feed
Chapter 1: Sampling strategies to control mycotoxins
Abstract:
1.1 Food safety and the requirements for international food trade
1.2 Principles of food and feed sampling for mycotoxin analysis
1.3 International guidance on sampling food and feed for mycotoxin analysis
1.4 Uncertainty estimation and designing sound sampling plans for mycotoxin analysis in food and feed
1.5 Quality assurance and quality control procedures in sampling and arrival of the samples at the analytical laboratory
1.6 Strengthening national food control systems
Chapter 2: Sample preparation and clean up in mycotoxin analysis: principles, applications and recent developments
Abstract:
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Methods used for extraction and clean up of mycotoxins from complex matrices
2.3 Recent developments
2.4 Conclusions
2.5 Acknowledgements
Chapter 3: Chromatographic separation techniques for determination of mycotoxins in food and feed
Abstract:
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Thin-layer chromatography in mycotoxin analysis of food and feed
3.3 Gas chromatography in mycotoxin analysis of food and feed
3.4 High-performance liquid chromatography in mycotoxin analysis of food and feed
3.5 Electrophoretic separations in mycotoxin analysis of food and feed
3.6 Future trends
Chapter 4: Mass spectrometry in multi-mycotoxin and fungal spore analysis
Abstract:
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) methods in multi-mycotoxin analysis
4.3 Liquid chromatographic aspects of multi-mycotoxin methods
4.4 Mass spectrometric aspects of multi-mycotoxin methods
4.5 LC–MS aspects of multi-mycotoxin analysis
4.6 Future trends in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis
4.7 Conclusions
4.8 Acknowledgements
Chapter 5: Immunochemical methods for rapid mycotoxin detection in food and feed
Abstract:
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Antibody production and characterization
5.3 Specificity of immunochemical methods for rapid mycotoxin detection in food and feed
5.4 Microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid mycotoxin detection in food and feed
5.5 Non-instrumental rapid tests for mycotoxin detection in food and feed
5.6 Conclusions and future trends
Part II: Quality assurance and official methods for determining mycotoxins in food and feed
Chapter 6: Official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed
Abstract:
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Official control laboratories for determining mycotoxins in food and feed
6.3 Establishment of method performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed
6.4 Official methods for determining mycotoxins in food and feed
6.5 Literature publications of mycotoxin validation studies
6.6 Enforcement of mycotoxin regulations
6.7 Confirmation of results
6.8 Conclusions and future trends
Chapter 7: Ensuring the quality of results from food control laboratories: laboratory accreditation, method validation and measurement uncertainty
Abstract:
7.1 Introduction: why accreditation can be important for laboratories
7.2 Laboratory accreditation and ISO 17025
7.3 Statistical method validation approach for ensuring the quality of results from food control laboratories
7.4 Comparison of a routine method with a reference method for validating the results from food and feed control laboratories
7.5 Measurement uncertainty in the results from food and feed control laboratories
7.6 Conclusions and future trends
Part III: Development and analysis of biomarkers for mycotoxins
Chapter 8: Developing biomarkers of human exposure to mycotoxins
Abstract:
8.1 Introduction to biomarkers of exposure
8.2 Biomarkers of exposure for aflatoxin
8.3 Biomarkers of exposure for fumonisin
8.4 Biomarkers of exposure for deoxynivalenol
8.5 Summary
Chapter 9: Developing mechanism-based and exposure biomarkers for mycotoxins in animals
Abstract:
9.1 Background
9.2 Aflatoxin B1
9.3 Deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes
9.4 Fumonisin
9.5 Ochratoxin A
9.6 Zearalenone
9.7 Future trends
9.8 Acknowledgements
Part IV: Determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed
Chapter 10: Rationale for a polyphasic approach in the identification of mycotoxigenic fungi
Abstract:
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Mycotoxigenic fungi
10.3 Identification methods
10.4 Molecular methods for identification
10.5 Conclusions
Chapter 11: Molecular identification of mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed
Abstract:
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and quantification using conserved genes
11.3 Polymerase chain reaction detection and quantification using anonymous DNA sequences
11.4 Polymerase chain reaction detection and quantification using mycotoxin biosynthesis pathway genes
11.5 Multistep strategies
11.6 Multiplex detection
11.7 Polymerase chain reaction-based methods
11.8 Novel technologies
11.9 Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 12: Identification of genes and gene clusters involved in mycotoxin synthesis
Abstract:
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Genetic basis for secondary metabolite biosynthesis
12.3 Gene and gene cluster identification: pre-genomics
12.4 Gene and gene cluster identification: early-genomics
12.5 Gene and gene cluster identification: post-genome genomics
12.6 Future trends
12.7 Acknowledgements
Chapter 13: DNA barcoding of toxigenic fungi: a perspective
Abstract:
13.1 DNA barcode: a new opportunity to discriminate fungi species
13.2 Future trends in DNA barcoding of fungi
13.3 Sources of further information and advice about the DNA barcode
Part V: Emerging methods for mycotoxin analysis in food and feed
Chapter 14: Emerging bio-sensing methods for mycotoxin analysis
Abstract:
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Biosensors as diagnostics tools in mycotoxin analysis
14.3 Lab-on-a-chip for multiplex detection
14.4 Nanomaterials and their use in biosensors for mycotoxin analysis
14.5 Electronic nose method for mycotoxin analysis
14.6 Future trends
14.7 Conclusions
14.8 Acknowledgements
Chapter 15: Masked mycotoxins in food and feed: challenges and analytical approaches
Abstract:
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Occurrence of masked mycotoxins in food and feed
15.3 Analysis of masked mycotoxins in food and feed
15.4 Conclusions
Chapter 16: Spectroscopic techniques for fungi and mycotoxins detection
Abstract:
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Spectroscopic techniques
16.3 Applications
16.4 Summary
Index