This study presents a coevolutionary perspective on the interaction between human and guanaco (Lama guanicoe) populations in Magallania (the area at both sides of the Magellan strait comprising the southernmost part of continental Patagonia and the north of Tierra del Fuego in southern South America (Argentina and Chile)), over the last 12,000 14C years BP. The methodological approach adopted combines the use of morphological, paleoenvironmental, zooarchaeological, and technological data.