This book focuses on environmental quality and human health. The first chapter included therein is an assessment of indoor environment quality and its impact on schoolwork performance. The importance of thermal comfort in the indoor environment cannot be underestimated, especially in educational buildings. In the second chapter, the mobility, safety, health and protection of the environment with regards to automobile pollution is reviewed. Next, research on industrial wastewater, subject to strict environmental regulations which makes its adequate management a key issue, is expanded upon by the authors. Finally, a review on the actual state of the art of the treatment and disposal of the olive mill effluents (OME) from both the two-phase and three-phase systems by membranes is addressed.