This second edition is acomprehensive introduction to all aspects of thermoelectric energy conversion.It covers both theory and practice. The book is timely as it refers to the manyimprovements that have come about in the last few years through the use ofnanostructures. The concept of semiconductor thermoelements led to majoradvances during the second half of the twentieth century, making Peltier refrigerationa widely used technique. The latest materials herald thermoelectric generationas the preferred technique for exploiting low-grade heat. The book shows howprogress has been made by increasing the thermal resistivity of the latticeuntil it is almost as large as it is for glass. It points the way towards theattainment of similar improvements in the electronic parameters. It does notneglect practical considerations, such as the desirability of makingthermocouples from inexpensive and environmentally acceptable materials. Thesecond edition was extended to also include recent advances in thermoelectricenergy conversion, particularly the production of bulk nanostructures, newmaterials with higher thermoelectric figures to use the possibility of largescale thermoelectric generation, as part of the worldwide strategy for makingbetter use of energy resources. This book guides the newcomertowards the state of the art and shows the principles for further advancementto those who are already familiar with the subject. The author has been able todraw on his long experience to cover the science and technology in a balancedway while drawing on the expertise of others who have made major contributionsto the field.