This volume examines the Jewish identity of the Austrian writers and thinkers Arthur Schnitzler, Stefan Zweig, Richard Beer-Hofmann, Karl Kraus, and Theodor Herzl in the cultural context of the Austrian fin de siècle and the cultural crisis that went with it. All of them drew more or less consciously on a rich Jewish heritage, which they either turned away from (Kraus, Zweig) or sought a new rapprochement with (Beer-Hofmann, Herzl). The dynamic tensions resulting from the interplay between the absorption of Austrian culture, on the one hand, and the imprint of century-old Jewish traditions and values on the other find their expression in the different responses of these Austrian-Jewish personalities to the culture and cultural crisis of the fin de siècle. As such they can be considered paradigmatic for the situation of all European Jews.