The volume assembles the papers presented at an interdisciplinary symposium organized by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in March 2000. Various conceptions of Austrian identity emerging in the course of Austria's multi-faceted political and cultural history from the 19th century to the present are analyzed for their ideological intentions. In the process, the fissures, contradictions, and myths marking Austrian history and civilization stand revealed. In counterpoint, a number of articles describe the heterogeneous and multifarious models and constructions of Jewish identity elaborated in response to the rival pulls of emancipation and assimilation, Zionism and anti-Semitism, modernity and exile.