Human bone in archaeological contexts is the product of natural processes and cultural patterns. In the deposits can be sealed vital aspects of one skeleton, the intentions that led to the burial and natural and accidental processes that add new meanings. This becomes part of the history of these remains. The way they are arranged, environmental changes and rituals influence the recovery procedure. The synchronic and diachronic biocultural environment involve new requirements and limitations. Taking the geographical framework of southwestern Iberian Peninsula, this volume addresses methodological issues regarding the recovery of archaeological skeletal remains: cremation and inhumation, primary and secondary burials, individual and collective deposits, as well as the characterization of factors related to burial and subsequent factors affecting osteological deposits, and aspects affecting their preservation.