This volume comprises the proceedings of the First International Rehovot Conference on Modern Agriculture and the Environment. It is a unique book, covering the broad spectrum of environmental problems related to agriculture, from chemical pesticides, means to reduce their utilization and some of the main alternatives to their overuse and misuse, through pollution caused by chemical fertilizers, aquaculture and heavy metals, treatment of wastewater, recycling of municipal and agricultural wastes, to modelling and bioremediation of agricultural pollution, as well as economic and policy aspects of natural resources. Illustrated with numerous international case studies, it is intended for agriculturists, researchers, students, policy-makers and environmentalists.