A new archaeological study of the volcanic region in southern Peru known as 'The Valley of the Volcanoes'. Contents: 1. Introduction, 1.1. Location and geographical characteristics of the Valley of the Volcanoes, 1.2. Geology of the Valley of the Volcanoes, 1.3. Outline of the sequence of climatic and cultural changes in Peru, 1.4. Archaeology, history and ethnography of the Valley of the Volcanoes; 2. Research carried out in the Valley of the Volcanoes, 2.1. Subject, purpose and methods of research. Area of re search, 2.2. Results of field studies, 2.3. Results of tests with the XRF method (X-Ray Fluorescence) and NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis), 2.4. Typology of stone tools; 3. Summary and conclusions; 4. Appendices, 4.1. Non-obsidian rock materials in the Valley of the Volcanoes, 4.2. Other archaeological sites located during field surveys in the Valley of the Volcanoes.