The essays and case studies collected here-featuring some of the best material from Middle East Report over the past decade as well as much original material-challenge the facile generalizations about what Western media and political establishments usually call "Islamic fundamentalism." The authors demonstrate the complexity of these movements and offer complementary and contrasting interpretations of their origins and significance. The material included covers a broad range of themes-including democracy and civil society, gender relations and popular culture-as they have emerged in countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa.