Contents Acknowledgments ix A Note on Language xiii Introduction: Public Advocacy on U.S. Spanish-Language 1 Radio 1. Acoustic Allies: Early Latin-Themed and Spanish-Language 21 Radio Broadcasts, 1920s 1940s 2. Mixed Signals: Developing Bilingual Chicano Radio, 51 1960s 1980s 3. Sounds of Surveillance: U.S. Spanish-Language Radio Patrols 83 La Migra 4. Pun Intended: Listening to Gendered Politics on Morning 101 Radio Shows 5. Desperately Seeking Dinero: Calculating Language and Race 127 within Radio Ratings Afterword 147 Notes 153 Bibliography 183 Index 207 About the Author 221"