Water which has been contaminated by human use and is unfit for consumption is termed as wastewater. It can be a byproduct of various commercial, domestic and agricultural activities. Wastewater can include chemical, physical or biological pollutants. Wastewater treatment refers to the processes which are used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage. It improves the quality of water making it usable for activities such as drinking, irrigation and water supply. Some common techniques for treatment of water are sedimentation, filtration, chlorination and disinfection. According to the filtration process employed, wastewater treatment plants can be classified into Leachate treatment plants, sewage treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment plants. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. The various advancements in wastewater assessment and treatment are glanced at and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying wastewater assessment and treatment as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.