The aim of this book is to study the relationship between ideology and myth as they function diversely in Fascist and Antifascist drama. All the plays discussed are constructed as a paradigmatic constellation between myth and ideology, coordinated by a central and homogeneous political intent. The difference between them lies in their Fascist or Antifascist attitude. The plays analyzed were chosen for their treatment of a common thematic Ur-myth: the post-figuration of the return of the prodigal son and the story of the crucifixion from the New Testament. The 'prodigal cluster' includes plays by Franz Theodor Csokor, Ernst Wiechert and Max Frisch, the 'sacrificial cluster' plays by Otto Erler, Rainer Werner Fassbinder and George Tabori. As an introductory analysis, the theme of the artist and his mission is treated in two plays written in the pre-Nationalsocialist period: "Der Einsame. Ein Menschenuntergang" by Hanns Johst and Bertolt Brecht's reaction to this play in "Baal". A final analysis deals with the fusion of mythologems and ideologems as demonstrated in two plays dealing with the New Myth of Germania by Richard Eutinger and Heiner Müller.