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Statistics in Engineering: With Examples in MATLAB® and R, Second Edition: Chapman & Hall/CRC Texts in Statistical Science

Autor Andrew Metcalfe, David Green, Tony Greenfield, Mayhayaudin Mansor, Andrew Smith, Jonathan Tuke
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 30 iun 2020
Engineers are expected to design structures and machines that can operate in challenging and volatile environments, while allowing for variation in materials and noise in measurements and signals. Statistics in Engineering, Second Edition: With Examples in MATLAB and R covers the fundamentals of probability and statistics and explains how to use these basic techniques to estimate and model random variation in the context of engineering analysis and design in all types of environments.




The first eight chapters cover probability and probability distributions, graphical displays of data and descriptive statistics, combinations of random variables and propagation of error, statistical inference, bivariate distributions and correlation, linear regression on a single predictor variable, and the measurement error model. This leads to chapters including multiple regression; comparisons of several means and split-plot designs together with analysis of variance; probability models; and sampling strategies. Distinctive features include:









  • All examples based on work in industry, consulting to industry, and research for industry







  • Examples and case studies include all engineering disciplines







  • Emphasis on probabilistic modeling including decision trees, Markov chains and processes, and structure functions







  • Intuitive explanations are followed by succinct mathematical justifications







  • Emphasis on random number generation that is used for stochastic simulations of engineering systems, demonstration of key concepts, and implementation of bootstrap methods for inference







  • Use of MATLAB and the open source software R, both of which have an extensive range of statistical functions for standard analyses and also enable programing of specific applications







  • Use of multiple regression for times series models and analysis of factorial and central composite designs







  • Inclusion of topics such as Weibull analysis of failure times and split-plot designs that are commonly used in industry but are not usually included in introductory textbooks







  • Experiments designed to show fundamental concepts that have been tested with large classes working in small groups







  • Website with additional materials that is regularly updated






Andrew Metcalfe, David Green, Andrew Smith, and Jonathan Tuke have taught probability and statistics to students of engineering at the University of Adelaide for many years and have substantial industry experience. Their current research includes applications to water resources engineering, mining, and telecommunications. Mahayaudin Mansor worked in banking and insurance before teaching statistics and business mathematics at the Universiti Tun Abdul Razak Malaysia and is currently a researcher specializing in data analytics and quantitative research in the Health Economics and Social Policy Research Group at the Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia. Tony Greenfield, formerly Head of Process Computing and Statistics at the British Iron and Steel Research Association, is a statistical consultant. He has been awarded the Chambers Medal for outstanding services to the Royal Statistical Society; the George Box Medal by the European Network for Business and Industrial Statistics for Outstanding Contributions to Industrial Statistics; and the William G. Hunter Award by the American Society for
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780367570620
ISBN-10: 0367570629
Pagini: 810
Dimensiuni: 178 x 254 x 60 mm
Greutate: 0.45 kg
Ediția:2 ed
Editura: CRC Press
Colecția Chapman and Hall/CRC
Seria Chapman & Hall/CRC Texts in Statistical Science

Locul publicării:Boca Raton, United States

Notă biografică

Andrew Metcalfe, David Green, Andrew Smith, and Jonathan Tuke have taught probability and statistics to students of engineering at the University of Adelaide for many years and have substantial industry experience. Their current research includes applications to water resources engineering, mining, and telecommunications. Mahayaudin Mansor worked in banking and insurance before teaching statistics and business mathematics at the Universiti Tun Abdul Razak Malaysia and is currently a researcher specializing in data analytics and quantitative research in the Health Economics and Social Policy Research Group at the Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia. Tony Greenfield, formerly Head of Process Computing and Statistics at the British Iron and Steel Research Association, is a statistical consultant. He has been awarded the Chambers Medal for outstanding services to the Royal Statistical Society; the George Box Medal by the European Network for Business and Industrial Statistics for Outstanding Contributions to Industrial Statistics; and the William G. Hunter Award by the American Society for Quality.


Visit their website here:


http://www.maths.adelaide.edu.au/david.green/BookWebsite/


 



Recenzii

"Statistics in Engineering: With Examples in MATLAB and R" is an ideal and unreservedly recommended textbook for college and university library collections."
~John Burroughs, Reviewer's Bookwatch
"Distinctive features of this new second edition of Statistics in Engineering iinclude: All examples being based on work in industry, consulting to industry, and research for industry; Emphasis on probabilistic modeling including decision trees, Markov chains and processes, and structure functions; Intuitive explanations are followed by succinct mathematical justifications; Emphasis on random number generation that is used for stochastic simulations of engineering systems, demonstration of key concepts, and implementation of bootstrap methods for inference; Use of MATLAB and the open source software R, both of which have an extensive range of statistical functions for standard analyses and also an extensive range of statistical functions for standard analyses and also enable programming of specific applications; Use of multiple regression for times series models and analysis of factorial and central composite for time series models and analysis of factorial and central composite designs; Inclusion of topics such as Weibull analysis of failure times and split-plot designs that are commonly used in industry but are not usually included in introductory textbooks: Experiments designed to show fundamental concepts that have been tested with large classes working in small groups."
~Midwest Book Review

Descriere

This is a textbook for an undergraduate course in statistics for engineers with a minimal calculus prerequisite. The second edition differs from existing books in three main aspects: it is the only introductory statistics textbook written for engineers that uses R throughout the text, there is an emphasis on statistical methods most relevant to

Cuprins

I Foundations
  1. Why Understand Statistics?Introduction
    Using the book
    Software
  2. Probability and Making DecisionsIntroduction
    Random digits
    Concepts and uses
    Generating random digits
    Pseudo random digits
    Defining probabilities
    Defining probabilities {Equally likely outcomes
    Defining probabilities {relative frequencies
    Defining probabilities {subjective probability and expected monetary value
    Axioms of Probability
    The addition rule of probability
    Complement
    Conditional probability
    Conditioning on information
    Conditional probability and the multiplicative rule
    Independence
    Tree diagrams
    Bayes' theorem
    Law of total probability
    Bayes' theorem for two events
    Bayes' theorem for any number of events
    Decision trees
    Permutations and combinations
    Simple random sample
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  3. Graphical Displays of Data and Descriptive StatisticsTypes of variables
    Samples and populations
    Displaying data
    Stem-and-leaf plot
    Time series plot
    Pictogram
    Pie chart
    Bar chart
    Rose plot
    Line chart for discrete variables
    Histogram and cumulative frequency polygon for continuous variables
    Pareto chart
    Numerical summaries of data
    Population and sample
    Measures of location
    Measures of spread
    Box-plots
    Outlying values and robust statistics
    Outlying values
    Robust statistics
    Grouped data
    Calculation of the mean and standard deviation for discrete data
    Grouped continuous data [mean and sd for grouped continuous data]
    Mean as center of gravity
    Case study of wave stress on offshore structure
    Shape of distributions
    Skewness
    Kurtosis
    Some contrasting histograms
    Multivariate data
    Scatter plot
    Histogram for bivariate data
    Parallel coordinates plot
    Descriptive time series
    Definition of time series
    Missing values in time series
    Decomposition of time series
    Centered moving average
    Additive monthly model
    Multiplicative monthly model
    Seasonal adjustment
    Forecasting
    Index numbers
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  4. Discrete Probability DistributionsDiscrete random variables
    Definition of a discrete probability distribution
    Expected value
    Bernoulli trial
    Binomial distribution
    Introduction
    Defining the binomial distribution
    A model for conductivity
    Random deviates from binomial distribution
    Fitting a binomial distribution
    Hypergeometric distribution
    Defining the hypergeometric distribution
    Random deviates from the hypergeometric distribution
    Fitting the hypergeometric distribution
    Negative binomial distribution
    The geometric distribution
    Defining the negative binomial distribution
    Applications of negative binomial distribution
    Fitting a negative binomial distribution
    Random numbers from a negative binomial distribution
    Poisson process
    Defining a Poisson process in time
    Superimposing Poisson processes
    Spatial Poisson Process
    Modifications to Poisson processes
    Poisson distribution
    Fitting a Poisson distribution
    Times between events
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  5. Continuous Probability DistributionsContinuous probability distributions
    Definition of a continuous random variable
    Definition of a continuous probability distribution
    Moments of a continuous probability distribution
    Median and mode of a continuous probability distribution
    Parameters of probability distributions
    Uniform distribution
    Definition of a uniform distribution
    Applications of the uniform distribution
    Random deviates from a uniform distribution
    Distribution of F(X) is uniform
    Fitting a uniform distribution
    Exponential distribution
    Definition of an exponential distribution
    Markov property
    Poisson process
    Lifetime distribution
    Applications of the exponential distribution
    Random deviates from an exponential distribution
    Fitting an exponential distribution
    Normal (Gaussian) distribution
    Definition of a normal distribution
    The standard normal distribution
    Applications of the normal distribution
    Random numbers from a normal distribution
    Fitting a normal distribution
    Probability plots
    Quantile-quantile plots
    Probability plot
    Lognormal distribution
    Definition of a lognormal distribution
    Applications of the lognormal distribution
    Random numbers from lognormal distribution
    Fitting a lognormal distribution
    Gamma distribution
    Definition of a gamma distribution
    Applications of the gamma distribution
    Random deviates from gamma distribution
    Fitting a gamma distribution
    Gumbel distribution
    Definition of a Gumbel distribution
    Applications of the Gumbel distribution
    Random deviates from a Gumbel distribution
    Fitting a Gumbel distribution
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  6. Correlation and Functions of Random VariablesIntroduction
    Sample covariance and correlation coefficient
    Defining sample covariance
    Bivariate distributions, population covariance and correlation coefficient
    Population covariance and correlation coefficient
    Bivariate distributions - discrete case
    Bivariate distributions - continuous case
    Marginal distributions
    Bivariate histogram
    Covariate and correlation
    Bivariate probability distributions
    Copulas
    Linear combination of random variables (propagation of error)
    Mean and variance of a linear combination of random variables
    Bounds for correlation coefficient
    Linear combination of normal random variables
    Central Limit Theorem and distribution of the sample mean
    Non-linear functions of random variables (propagation of error)
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  7. Estimation and InferenceIntroduction
    Statistics as estimators
    Population parameters
    Sample statistics and sampling distributions
    Bias and MSE
    Accuracy and precision
    Precision of estimate of population mean
    Confidence interval for population mean when _ known
    Confidence interval for mean when _ unknown
    Construction of confidence interval and rationale for the t-distribution
    The t-distribution
    Robustness
    Bootstrap methods
    Bootstrap resampling
    Basic bootstrap confidence intervals
    Percentile bootstrap confidence intervals
    Parametric bootstrap
    Hypothesis testing
    Hypothesis test for population mean when _ known
    Hypothesis test for population mean when _ unknown
    Relation between a hypothesis test and the confidence interval
    P-value
    One-sided confidence intervals and one-sided tests
    Sample size
    Confidence interval for a population variance and standard deviation
    Comparison of means
    Independent Samples
    Population standard deviations differ
    Population standard deviations assumed equal
    Matched pairs
    Comparing variances
    Inference about proportions
    Single sample
    Comparing two proportions
    McNemar's test
    Prediction intervals and statistical tolerance intervals
    Prediction interval
    Statistical tolerance interval
    Goodness of fit tests
    Chi-square test
    Empirical distribution function tests
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  8. Linear Regression and Linear RelationshipsLinear regression
    Introduction
    The model
    Fitting the model
    Fitting the regression line
    Identical forms for the least squares estimate of the slope
    Relation to correlation
    Alternative form for the fitted regression line
    Residuals
    Identities satisfied by the residuals
    Estimating the standard deviation of the errors
    Checking assumptions A, A and A
    Properties of the estimators
    Estimator of the slope
    Estimator of the intercept
    Predictions
    Confidence interval for mean value of Y given x
    Limits of Prediction
    Plotting confidence intervals and prediction limits
    Summarizing the algebra
    Coefficient of determination R
    Regression for a bivariate normal distribution
    The bivariate normal distribution
    Regression towards the mean
    Relationship between correlation and regression
    Values of x are assumed to be measured without error and can be preselected
    The data pairs are assumed to be a random sample from a bivariate normal distribution
    Fitting a linear relationship when both variables are measured with error
    Calibration lines
    Intrinsically linear models
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
    II Developments
  9. Multiple RegressionIntroduction
    Multivariate data
    Multiple regression model
    The linear model
    Random vectors
    Definition
    Linear transformations of a random vector
    Multivariate normal distribution
    Matrix formulation of the linear model
    Geometrical interpretation
    Fitting the model
    Principle of least squares
    Multivariate calculus - three basic results
    The least squares estimator of the coefficients
    Estimating the coefficients
    Estimating the standard deviation of the errors
    Standard errors of the estimators of the coefficients
    Assessing the fit
    The residuals
    R-squared
    F-statistic
    Cross validation
    Predictions
    Building multiple regression models
    Interactions
    Categorical variables
    F-test for an added set of variables
    Quadratic terms
    Guidelines formatting regression models
    Time series
    Introduction
    Aliasing and sampling intervals
    Fitting a trend and seasonal variation with regression
    Autocovariance and autocorrelation
    Defining autocovariance for a stationary times series model
    Defining sample autocovariance and the correlogram
    Autoregressive models
    AR() and AR() models
    Non-linear least squares
    Generalized linear model
    Logistic regression
    Poisson regression
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  10. Statistical Quality ControlContinuous improvement
    Defining quality
    Taking measurements
    Avoiding rework
    Strategies for quality improvement
    Quality management systems
    Implementing continuous improvement
    Process stability
    Runs chart
    Histograms and boxplots
    Components of variance
    Capability
    Process capability index
    Process performance index
    One-sided process capability indices
    Reliability
    Introduction
    Reliability of components
    Reliability function and the failure rate
    Weibull analysis
    Definition of the Weibull distribution
    Weibull quantile plot
    Censored data
    Maximum likelihood
    Kaplan-Meier estimator of reliability
    Acceptance sampling
    Statistical quality control charts
    Shewhart mean and range chart for continuous variables
    Mean chart
    Range chart
    p-charts for proportions
    c-charts for counts
    Cumulative sum charts
    Multivariate control charts
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  11. Design of Experiments with Regression AnalysisIntroduction
    Factorial designs with factors at two levels
    Full factorial designs
    Setting up a k design
    Analysis of k design
    Fractional factorial designs
    Central composite designs
    Evolutionary operation (EVOP)
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  12. Design of Experiments and Analysis of VarianceIntroduction
    Comparison of several means with one-way ANOVA
    Defining the model
    Multiple comparisons
    One-way ANOVA
    Testing HO
    Follow up procedure
    Two factors at multiple levels
    Two factors without replication (two-way ANOVA)
    Two factors with replication (three-way ANOVA)
    Randomized block design
    Split plot design
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  13. Probability ModelsSystem Reliability
    Series system
    Parallel system
    k-out-of-n system
    Modules
    Duality
    Paths and Cut sets
    Reliability function
    Redundancy
    Non-repairable systems
    Standby systems
    Common cause failures
    Reliability bounds
    Markov chains
    Discrete Markov chain
    Equilibrium Behavior of irreducible Markov Chains
    Methods for solving equilibrium equations
    Absorbing Markov Chains
    Markov Chains in continuous time
    Simulation of systems
    The simulation procedure
    Drawing inference from simulation outputs
    Variance reduction
    Summary
    Notation
    Summary of main results
    MATLAB and R commands
    Exercises
  14. Sampling Strategies
Introduction
Simple random sampling from a finite population
Finite population correction
Randomization theory
Defining the simple random sample
Mean and variance of sample mean
Mean and variance of estimator of population total
Model based analysis
Sample size
Stratified sampling
Principle of stratified sampling
Estimating the population mean and total
Optimal allocation of the sample over strata
Multi-stage sampling
Quota sampling
Ratio estimators and regression estimators
Introduction
Regression estimators
Ratio estimator
Calibration of the unit cost data base
Sources of error in an AMP
Calibration factor
Summary
Notation
Summary of main results
MATLAB and R commands
Exercises
A Notation
B Glossary
C Data
D Getting started in R
E Getting started in MATLAB
F Experiments
G Mathematical explanations of key results
H MATLAB code for selected Figures
I Statistical Tables