Micromachines as Tools for Nanotechnology: Microtechnology and MEMS

1 Micromachining Tools for Nanosystems.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches.- 1.3 Combining the Two Approaches to Nanosystems.- 1.4 Micro- and Nanomachining.- 1.5 Examples of Micromachined Nanodevices.- 1.6 Organization of the Book.- References.- 2 Microsystems for Single-Molecule Handling and Modification.- 2.1 Stretch-and-Positioning of DNA.- 2.2 Molecular Surgery of DNA.- 2.3 A Microfabricated Probe for Molecular Surgery.- 2.4 Conclusion.- References.- 3 Manipulation of Single DNA Molecules.- 3.1 Manipulation of Giant DNA Molecules.- 3.2 Stretching a Giant DNA Molecule.- 3.3 Mapping Stretched Single DNA Molecules.- 3.4 Cutting Stretched DNA.- 3.5 Recovery of DNA Fragments.- 3.6 Microreactors for DNA Manipulation.- 3.7 Conclusion.- References.- 4 Near-Field Optics in Biology.- 4.1 Breaking the Diffraction Barrier.- 4.2 SNOAM Probe Design.- 4.3 SNOAM Configurations.- 4.4 Feedback Mechanisms for SNOAM.- 4.5 SNOAM in Aqueous Environments.- 4.6 SNOAM System Design.- 4.7 Calibration.- 4.8 Fluorescence Imaging with SNOAM.- 4.9 SNOAM Imaging of Fluorescent Beads.- 4.10 Fluorescence Profiling.- 4.11 SNOAM Imaging of Chromosomes.- 4.12 SNOAM Imaging of Recombinant Bacterial Cells Containing a Green Fluorescent Protein Gene.- 4.13 Imaging of Neurons.- 4.14 Future Development of SNOAM.- 4.15 Conclusion.- References.- 5 Atomic Force Microscopy for Imaging Living Organisms: From DNA to Cell Motion.- 5.1 Principles of Atomic Force Microscopy.- 5.2 Applications in Biology.- 5.3 Other SPM Applications in Biology.- 5.4 Conclusion.- References.- 6 Expanding the Field of Application of Scanning Probe Microscopy.- 6.1 Nanotribology.- 6.2 Control.- 6.3 Fabrication.- 6.4 Characterization.- 6.5 Conclusion.- References.- 7 Micromachined Scanning Tunneling Microscopes and Nanoprobes.- 7.1 Operating Principles and Basic Structure.- 7.2 Micro-STM Design Considerations.- 7.3 Surface Micromachining and Bulk Micromachining.- 7.4 Micro-STM Fabrication Technology.- 7.5 Characterization of the Fabricated Micro-STM.- 7.6 Possible Applications of Micromachine STM Technology.- 7.7 Conclusion.- References.- 8 Nanoscale Characterization of Nanostructures and Nanodevices by Scanning Probe Microscopy.- 8.1 Micromachining Technologies in SPM.- 8.2 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Semiconductors.- 8.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) on Semiconductor Nanostructures.- 8.4 Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (SNOM).- 8.5 Nanofabrication Processes Using STM/AFM.- 8.6 Concluding Remarks.- References.

This book addresses the use of MEMS and micromachined devices for the investigation of nanoscience and technology, as well as biotechnology. Such micromachined tools for nanotechnology can enhance the sensitivity, spatial resolution, dexterity, selectivity, and parallel processing capability in measuring and manipulating nano-objects. The book covers state-of-the-art MEMS and NEMS devices for DNA molecular handling and analysis, cell handling and culture on a chip, chemical lab-on-a-chip, multi-probes for vacuum tunneling microscopy and AFM, and characterization of quantum semiconductor structures. Readers will gain deep insight into such developments and students will learn about the emerging field of MEMS and nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is one of the key technologies of the 20th century. After intense basic and applied research, it is going to be established in industry. The techniques presented in this book are important with respect to future manufacturing.