Therapy of Coronary Heart Disease - Current Standpoint. Conservative Medical Therapy vs. PTCA/ STENT and CABG (Bypass Surgery): UNI-MED SCIENCE
Editat de Dietrich Strödter, Frans Santosaen Limba Engleză Hardback – 30 iun 2010
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9783837412314
ISBN-10: 3837412318
Pagini: 320
Dimensiuni: 179 x 246 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.73 kg
Editura: Uni-Med Verlag Ag
Seria UNI-MED SCIENCE
ISBN-10: 3837412318
Pagini: 320
Dimensiuni: 179 x 246 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.73 kg
Editura: Uni-Med Verlag Ag
Seria UNI-MED SCIENCE
Cuprins
1.
From
Primary
to
Secondary
Prevention
161.1.
Definition
161.2.
Risk
factors
for
atherosclerosis
171.3.
Aims
of
secondary
prevention
171.4.
Primary
versus
secondary
prevention
181.5.
Blood
pressure/HbA1c
goals
191.6.
HbA1c
target
in
diabetics
211.7.
Lipids
211.8.
Non-pharmacological
therapeutic
measures
221.9.
Summary
231.10.
References
232.
Manifestations
and
Prognosis
of
CAD
252.1.
Manifestations
of
atherosclerosis
252.2.
Manifestations
of
CAD
252.3.
Prognosis
in
CAD
262.4.
Prognosis
and
gender
272.5.
Prognosis
in
renal
insufficiency
282.6.
Prognosis
and
diabetes
282.7.
Prognosis
and
type
of
medical
care
292.8.
Prognosis
in
STEMI
versus
NSTEMI
292.9.
Decrease
in
CAD
mortality?
292.10.
Summary
302.11.
References
313.
From
the
Endothelial
Defect
to
Myocardial
Infarction
323.1.
The
importance
of
the
endothelium
323.2.
The
acetylcholine
test
as
a
method
to
demonstrate
endothelial
dysfunction
333.3.
Clinical
impact
of
endothelial
dysfunction
during
stress
333.4.
Endothelial
dysfunction
as
a
prognostic
indicator
343.5.
Endothelial
progenitor
cells
343.6.
Atherosclerosis
in
the
coronary
region
353.7.
From
atherothrombosis
to
the
acute
syndrome
373.8.
Remodelling
of
the
left
ventricle
after
myocardial
infarction
383.9.
Summary
383.10.
References
394.
Pathophysiology
of
CAD
and
Strategies
for
Secondary
Prevention
414.1.
Coronary
insufficiency
414.2.
Determinants
of
the
myocardial
O2
requirement
424.3.
Strategies
for
secondary
prevention
424.4.
Therapeutic
priorities
depending
on
the
form
of
presentation
of
CHD
434.5.
Summary
444.6.
References
445.
Nitrates
and
Other
Antianginal
Agents
465.1.
Mechanism
of
action
of
nitrates
465.2.
Nitrate
drugs
465.3.
Do
nitrates
prolong
survival
in
CAD?
475.4.
Nitrates
in
secondary
prevention
485.5.
Molsidomine
485.6.
Trapidil
485.7.
Potassium
channel
openers
(nicorandil)
495.8.
Ranolazine
495.9.
Summary
505.10.
References
516.
Beta-Blockers
536.1.
Mechanism
of
action
of
beta-blockers
536.2.
Classification
of
beta-blockers
536.3.
Differences
between
beta-blockers
536.4.
Treatment
aims
on
beta-blockers
546.5.
Beta-blockers
in
post-infarct
patients
546.6.
Who
benefits
most?
556.7.
Do
all
beta-blockers
have
a
secondary
prevention
effect?
576.8.
Can
beta-blockers
be
used
for
secondary
prevention
in
CAD
without
infarction?
576.9.
Beta-blockers
in
heart
failure
576.10.
Third-generation
beta-blockers
586.11.
Beta-blockers
in
LV
dysfunction
after
infarction,
the
CAPRICORN
study
586.12.
2007
AHA/ACC
Guidelines
596.13.
The
2008
ESC
guidelines
596.14.
Summary
596.15.
References
607.
Calcium
Antagonists
627.1.
Mechanism
of
action
of
calcium
antagonists
627.2.
Differences
between
the
calcium
antagonists
627.3.
Calcium
antagonists
in
stable
angina
627.4.
Dihydropyridines
in
postinfarct
patients
637.5.
Diltiazem
in
postinfarct
patients
637.6.
Verapamil
in
postinfarct
patients
647.7.
Hypertensive
versus
normotensive
postinfarct
patients
657.8.
Third-generation
calcium
antagonists
in
CAD
657.9.
Summary
677.10.
References
688.
ACE
Inhibitors
708.1.
Mechanism
of
action
708.2.
Pathophysiological
basis
of
ACE
inhibitor
treatment
708.3.
ACE
inhibitors
and
aspirin
728.4.
Postinfarction
studies
with
ACE
inhibitors
738.5.
ACE
inhibitors
and
risk
of
atrial
fibrillation
768.6.
The
HOPE
study
768.7.
ACE
inhibitors
and
rate
of
infarction
788.8.
ACE
inhibitors
in
association
with
and
after
PTCA
-
the
QUIET
study
788.9.
ACE
inhibitors
in
association
with
and
after
CABG
-
the
QUO
VADIS
study
798.10.
ACE
inhibitors
in
CAD
patients
with
a
lower
risk
798.11.
2006/2007
ACC/AHA
guidelines
818.12.
Summary
828.13.
References
829.
AT1
Receptor
Blockers
859.1.
The
mechanism
of
action
859.2.
AT1
receptor
blockers
and
pleiotropic
effects
859.3.
Clinical
studies
in
CAD
869.4.
Combination
of
ACE
inhibitor
plus
AT1
receptor
blocker
899.5.
2006/2007
ACC/AHA-
and
2008
ESC-guidelines
899.6.
Summary
899.7.
References
9010.
Statins
(HMG-CoA
Reductase
Inhibitors)
9110.1.
Situation
before
the
statin
era
9110.2.
Mechanism
of
action
of
the
statins
9110.3.
A
comparison
of
statins
9110.4.
Statins
and
dose-effect
relationship
9310.5.
Statins
in
secondary
prevention
-
the
evidence
from
studies
9310.6.
The
time
for
using
an
HMG-CoA
reductase
inhibitor
during
and
after
acute
coronary
syndrome
9810.7.
Statins
and
number
of
revascularisations
9810.8.
ACE
inhibitors
after
CABG
and
PTCA
9910.9.
HMG-CoA
reductase
inhibitors
in
PTCA
10010.10.
Who
benefits
from
LDL
lowering?
Younger
or
older
patients?
10110.11.
Additional
vascular
effects
of
HMG-CoA
reductase
inhibitors
10210.12.
LDL
lowering
and
cardiac
risk
-
the
greater
the
LDL
reduction,
the
better
10710.13.
LDL
treatment
targets
today
11010.14.
Statins
in
high-risk
patients
11210.15.
Fibrates
in
secondary
prevention
11310.16.
2006/2007
ACC/AHA
guidelines
11410.17.
Summary
11510.18.
References
11511.
Antiplatelet
Agents
11911.1.
Antiplatelet
agents
-
an
overview
11911.2.
Mechanism
of
action
of
antiplatelet
agents
11911.3.
Molecular
target
of
the
thienopyridines
12011.4.
Prasugrel
versus
clopidogrel
12011.5.
Clopidogrel
and
interaction
with
PPIs
12111.6.
Rebound
phenomena
and
resistance
12211.7.
Ticagrelor
and
cangrelor
12311.8.
Glycoprotein
IIb/IIIa
Receptor
Inhibitors
12311.9.
Aspirin
(acetylsalicylic
acid,
ASS)
12311.10.
Aspirin
plus
low-dose
coumarins
12511.11.
Clopidogrel
12611.12.
Clopidogrel
plus
aspirin
12711.13.
Oral
glycoprotein
IIb/IIIa
receptor
inhibitors
13111.14.
Current
guidelines
13111.15.
Summary
13311.16.
References
13312.
Anticoagulants
13712.1.
The
Sixty
Plus
study
in
the
elderly
13712.2.
The
WARIS-1
study
13712.3.
The
ASPECT-1
study
13712.4.
The
ASPECT-2
study
13812.5.
The
WARIS-2
study
13812.6.
The
APRICOT-2
study
13812.7.
Indications
for
coumarins
today
13812.8.
Antithrombotic
treatment
in
atrial
fibrillation
13912.9.
Dabigatran
in
atrial
fibrillation
-
the
RE-LY
study
14112.10.
Summary
14212.11.
References
14213.
Antihypertensive
Agents
14413.1.
Hypertension
and
risk
in
CAD
14413.2.
The
HOPE
study
14413.3.
Subgroup
analysis
of
the
CAD
patients
in
the
HOT
study
14413.4.
Isolated
systolic
hypertension
(ISH)
14513.5.
The
RENAAL
study
and
IDNT
study
14513.6.
The
INVEST
study
14513.7.
The
VALUE
study
14613.8.
Blood
pressure
versus
change
in
plaque
size
14613.9.
Which
combination
therapy
-
the
ACCOMPLISH
study
14713.10.
Target
blood
pressure
values
in
CAD
14813.11.
Calcium
antagonists
plus
ACE
inhibitors
in
chronic
stable
CAD
14813.12.
Summary
14913.13.
References
14914.
Omega-3
Fatty
Acids
15014.1.
The
GISSI
Prevention
study
15014.2.
Recommendations
of
the
ESC,
AHA,
NICE
15114.3.
The
OMEGA
study
15214.4.
Summary
15214.5.
References
15215.
Ivabradine,
the
If
Channel
Blocker
15415.1.
The
BEAUTIfUL
study
15415.2.
Summary
15515.3.
References
15516.
Unstable
Angina
Pectoris/Non-Q-Wave
Infarction
(NSTEMI)
15716.1.
Definition
15716.2.
The
prognosis
in
unstable
angina/non-Q-wave
infarction
15716.3.
Aims
of
treatment
15816.4.
Nitrates
in
unstable
angina/non-Q-wave
infarction
15816.5.
Beta-blockers
15816.6.
Calcium
antagonists
15916.7.
Aspirin
15916.8.
Heparin
in
unstable
angina/NSTEMI
15916.9.
Pentasaccharides
16116.10.
Bivalirudin
16116.11.
GP
IIb/IIIa
receptor
inhibitors
in
unstable
angina
16116.12.
Clopidogrel
plus
aspirin
in
unstable
angina/non-Q-wave
infarction
16316.13.
Prasugrel
versus
clopidogrel
16716.14.
Statins
in
acute
coronary
syndrome
17216.15.
Invasive
versus
non-invasive
approach
in
unstable
angina/NSTEMI
17416.16.
The
importance
of
GP
IIb/IIIa
receptor
inhibitors
in
PCI
17716.17.
The
combination
of
GP
IIb/IIIa
inhibitors,
aspirin,
heparin,
clopidogrel
17816.18.
Improvement
in
prognosis
in
NSTE-ACS
17816.19.
Approach
in
unstable
angina/NSTEMI
(2007/2009
ESC
and
ACC/AHA
guidelines)
17816.20.
Algorithm
in
the
case
of
ACS
-
2007
ESC
guidelines
18216.21.
The
GRACE
risk
score
18216.22.
Ticagrelor
in
ACS
18216.23.
Summary
18416.24.
References
18617.
The
Treatment
of
Acute
Myocardial
Infarction
(STEMI)
19017.1.
The
effect
of
thrombolysis
19017.2.
Aspirin
19317.3.
Clopidogrel
19517.4.
Prasugrel
vs
clopidogrel
in
STEMI
-
the
TRITON-TIMI
38
study
19617.5.
Anticoagulation
19717.6.
Nitrates
19817.7.
Beta-blockers
20017.8.
ACE
inhibitors/AT1
receptor
blockers
20117.9.
AT1
receptor
blockers
20317.10.
Calcium
antagonists
20317.11.
Antiarrhythmics
(lidocaine
prophylaxis)
20317.12.
PTCA
in
acute
infarction
(STEMI)
20317.13.
Lysis
versus
transport
to
a
PCI
centre
20417.14.
PTCA
versus
PTCA
plus
stent
20517.15.
PTCA
plus
stent
plus
GP
IIb/IIIa
inhibitor
20517.16.
Rescue
PCI/facilitated
PCI
20617.17.
National
differences
in
the
hospitalisation
time
20717.18.
The
prognosis
in
STEMI
20717.19.
The
new
classification
of
infarction
20717.20.
2009
and
2008
guidelines
of
the
ACC/AHA
and
ESC
20717.21.
DES
versus
BMS
in
STEMI
-
the
HORIZONS-AMI
study
20917.22.
Summary
20917.23.
References
21118.
Elective
Revascularisation
Procedures
in
CAD
21618.1.
Bypass
surgery
21618.2.
PTCA
21818.3.
Stents
21918.4.
PTCA
versus
CABG
22218.5.
PTCA
versus
atherectomy
22318.6.
Transmyocardial
laser
revascularisation
22418.7.
Beta-blockers
before
CABG
22518.8.
Coronary
angiography
versus
fractional
flow
reserve
as
a
parameter
for
indicating
PCI
-
the
FAME
study
22518.9.
Surgical
ventricle
reconstruction
-
the
STICH
study
22518.10.
Adherence
to
guidelines
for
PCI
and
CABG
22618.11.
Measures
in
refractory
angina
22618.12.
CABG
versus
minimally
invasive
surgery
22718.13.
Summary
22718.14.
References
22819.
Conservative
Therapy
Versus
Interventional/Surgical
Therapy
23219.1.
Current
secondary
prevention
and
targets
23219.2.
Additive
effects
with
four
secondary
prevention
agents?
23219.3.
Individual
conservative
measures
in
chronic
stable
CAD
versus
PCI
23519.4.
Optimised
secondary
prevention
versus
PCI
with
stent
23619.5.
Is
late
reperfusion
worthwhile?
The
open
artery
hypothesis
23819.6.
Optimised
secondary
prevention
vs
PCI
in
diabetes
-
the
BARI
2D
study
23819.7.
Meta-analyses
on
optimised
secondary
prevention
vs
PCI
23919.8.
No
successes
with
low
risk
24019.9.
Conservative
versus
interventional/surgical
therapy
24119.10.
The
problem
and
a
suggested
solution
24219.11.
COURAGE
and
Wall
Street
-
a
controversial
subject
24219.12.
Summary:
prioritising
before
rationing
24419.13.
Summary
24419.14.
References
24520.
Postinfarction
Failure
24820.1.
Pathophysiological
background
24820.2.
Spironolactone
in
NYHA
class
III
and
IV
24820.3.
Eplerenone
after
acute
myocardial
infarction
with
LV
dysfunction
24820.4.
Guidelines
on
aldosterone
antagonists
after
myocardial
infarction
24920.5.
2006/2007
ACC/AHA
guidelines
and
2008
ESC
guidelines
24920.6.
Summary
25020.7.
References
25021.
Antiarrhythmic
Drugs
25121.1.
Pathophysiological
background
25121.2.
The
pro-arrhythmogenic
effect
in
relation
to
the
ejection
fraction
25121.3.
Clinical
studies
in
ventricular
extrasystoles
25121.4.
Amiodarone
in
heart
failure
25221.5.
Amiodarone
in
post-infarct
patients
25321.6.
Antiarrhythmics
in
atrial
fibrillation
25421.7.
Summary
25921.8.
References
26022.
ICD,
CRT,
Cardiac
Pacemakers
26222.1.
The
implantable
defibrillator
(ICD)
26222.2.
Resynchronisation
therapy
(CRT)
26822.3.
Programmed
stimulation
for
risk
identification
27222.4.
Cardiac
pacemaker
therapy
27222.5.
Summary
27322.6.
References
27423.
Lifestyle,
Body
Weight,
Smoking,
Alcohol,
Physical
Activity
and
Rehabilitation
27723.1.
Diet
27723.2.
Normalisation
of
body
weight
27923.3.
Smoking
28123.4.
Alcohol
28423.5.
Physical
activity
and
rehabilitation
28723.6.
When
should
lifestyle
changes
begin?
28923.7.
Summary
28923.8.
References
29024.
HDL,
Triglycerides,
Lp(a),
the
Forgotten
Lipid
Fractions
29424.1.
Hyperlipoproteinaemias,
an
overview
29424.2.
Associations
between
lipids
29424.3.
Lipid-lowering
drugs
29624.4.
HDL
29624.5.
Triglycerides
30124.6.
What
do
the
guidelines
say?
30524.7.
Lipoprotein
(a)
30624.8.
All
lipid
fractions
are
important
30724.9.
Summary
30724.10.
Literatur
30925.
Abbreviations
312
Index
314