Free space optical (FSO) communication providesfunctionalities that are different from fiber opticnetworks and omnidirectional RF wirelesscommunications in that FSO is optical wireless (noinfrastructure installation cost involving fibers)and is highly directional (no frequencyinterference). Moreover, its high-speed datatransmission capability is an attractive solution tothe first or last mile problem to bridge to currentfiber optic network. In order to be useful, FSOcommunication must deal with the followingfundamental problems: (1) How to quickly andprecisely establish and maintain optical linksbetween nodes in the network? (Pointing, Tracking,and Acquisition); (2) How to optimize networkperformance in terms of network cost and congestion?(Topology Optimization); (3) How to respondautonomously to possible network performancedegradation due to link loss or sudden changes intraffic demands? (Topology Control). This book,therefore, provides solutions to the above problemswith both a hardware approach for developingself-organized pointing and a software approach fordeveloping accurate heuristic algorithms for topologyoptimization in bi-connected FSO networks.