This survey on the modernity of ethnomathematicsaddresses numerous themes related to both ethnomathematics and mathematicseducation. It offers a broader view of mathematics, including ideas,procedures, concepts, processes, methods, and practices rooted in distinctcultural environments. In addition, by reflecting on the social and politicaldimensions of ethnomathematics, another important aspect of this researchprogram is the development of innovative approaches for a dynamic and glocalizedsociety. Ethnomathematics recognizes that members of different culturesdevelop unique mathematical techniques, methods, and explanations that allowfor an alternative understanding and transformation of societal norms. Thetheoretical basis of ethnomathematics offers a valid alternative to traditionalstudies of history, philosophy, cognition, and pedagogical aspects ofmathematics. The current agenda for ethnomathematics isto continue an ongoing, progressive trajectory that contributes to theachievement of social justice, peace, and dignity for all.  The debatesoutlined in this book share a few of the key ideas that provide for a clearerunderstanding of the field of ethnomathematics and its current state of the artby discussing its pedagogical actions, its contributions for teacher education,and its role in mathematics education.