Amid ongoing debate about health care reform, the need for informed analyses of health policy is greater than ever. The twelve original essays in this volume show that common public debates routinely bypass complex ethical, sociocultural, historical, and political questions about how we should address ideals of justice and equality in health care. Integrating perspectives from the humanities, social sciences, medicine, and public health, the contributors illuminate the relationships between justice and health inequalities to complicate and enrich debates often dominated by simplistic narratives. "Understanding Health Inequalities and Justice" grounds key conceptual discussions in timely case studies and policy analyses that explore three overarching questions: first, how do scholars approach relations between health inequalities and ideals of justice; second, when do justice considerations inform solutions to health inequalities, and how do specific health inequalities affect perceptions of injustice; and third, how can diverse scholarly approaches contribute to better health policy? From addressing patient agency in an inequitable health care environment to examining how scholars of social justice and health care amass evidence, this volume combines the skills and sensibilities of diverse scholars to promote a richer understanding of health and justice and the successful paths to their realization.The contributors are Judith C. Barker, Paula Braveman, Paul Brodwin, Jami Suki Chang, Debra DeBruin, Leslie A. Dubbin, Sarah Horton, Carla C. Keirns, J. Paul Kelleher, Nicholas B. King, Eva Feder Kittay, Joan Liaschenko, Anne Drapkin Lyerly, Mary Faith Marshall, Carolyn Rouse, Jennifer Prah Ruger, and Janet K. Shim.