The year 1045 marked the end of the Bagratid Armenian empire. Far from disappearing, Armenia was about to enjoy the most brilliant period in its history. Autonomous principalities were born on territory liberated from Turkey, culminating in 1198 with the founding of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The two Armenias, Greater Armenia and Cilician Armenia, were tied by the Frankish crusades of the twelfth century and the Mongol invasions of the thirteenth. Through marital and diplomatic efforts, the kings of Cilician Armenia found themselves, by the middle of the thirteenth century, at the head of the most powerful Christian state in the East and a vital trading hub between Europe and the Orient. The cultural flowering was spectacular. Cilician Armenia adapted Frankish traditions, while perpetuating its artistic traditions, while Greater Armenia was covered with great works of architecture. From the thirteenth to the early fourteenth century, Cilician Armenians were therefore at the center of the Eurasian world. Their decline began with the decline of Mongol power, the increasing influence of the Latin church and the rise of the Egyptian Mamluks. The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia ended in 1375 with the fall of the fortress of Gaban to the Mamluks. This book will interest historians of the Crusades, the Mongols in Medieval Islam or of Eastern Christianity, as well as historians of Armenia and the Armenian diaspora. The recent publication of previously unpublished sources made a revisiting of this fascinating and complex period necessary and desirable. This sumptuously illustrated work, comprised of two boxed volumes, will become the definitive history of Levantine Armenia. French text.